In industrial production, mechanical equipment will be affected by different working environments and production factors, and servo motors will have common faults. The maintenance and processing techniques are analyzed as follows:
1. Movement phenomenon
Movement occurs during feeding, and the speed measurement signal is unstable, such as cracks in the encoder; poor contact of the terminal, such as loose screws, etc. When the movement occurs at the moment of switching from positive direction to reverse direction, it is generally caused by the reverse clearance of the feed transmission chain or excessive servo drive gain.
2. Creeping phenomenon
Mostly occurs in the starting acceleration stage or low-speed feeding, which is generally caused by factors such as poor lubrication of the feed transmission chain, low servo system gain and excessive external load. In particular, it should be noted that the coupling used to connect the servo motor and the ball screw is loose or the coupling itself has defects, such as cracks, which causes the ball screw and the servo motor to rotate out of sync, causing the feed movement to speed up and slow down.
3. Vibration phenomenon
When the machine tool runs at high speed, it may vibrate, and then an overcurrent alarm will be generated. The vibration problem of the machine tool is generally a speed problem, so the speed loop problem should be found.
4. Torque reduction phenomenon
When the servo motor changes from rated stall torque to high-speed operation, the torque suddenly decreases. This is caused by heat dissipation damage of the motor winding and heating of the mechanical part. At high speed, the temperature rise of the motor increases. Therefore, the load of the motor must be verified before using the servo motor correctly.
5. Position error phenomenon
When the servo axis moves beyond the position tolerance range (the factory standard setting of EA100 is PA17:400, the position tolerance detection range), the servo drive will have a "4" position tolerance alarm. The main reasons are: the tolerance range set by the system is small; the servo system gain setting is improper; the position detection device is contaminated; the cumulative error of the feed transmission chain is too large, etc.
6. Non-rotation phenomenon
In addition to the pulse + direction signal, the CNC system also has an enable control signal to the servo drive, which is generally a DC + 24 V relay coil voltage. If the servo motor does not rotate, the common diagnostic methods are: check whether the CNC system has pulse signal output; check whether the enable signal is connected; observe the system input/output status through the LCD screen to see whether it meets the start conditions of the feed axis; confirm that the brake is on for the servo motor with electromagnetic brake; the driver is faulty; the servo motor is faulty; the coupling between the servo motor and the ball screw fails or the key is disengaged, etc.
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